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1.I'm afraid that you can't talk to him because he ______________ a shower right now.

had
had had
has
is having

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2.In the event of an accident, most insurance companies require a police report; ___________, they refuse to accept a claim.

although
otherwise
therefore
unless

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3.The witness admitted _______________ the stolen goods in a red van that belonged to his company.

had seen
has seen
having seen
to see

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4.William Shakespeare ______________ in 1564 and died in 1616.

born
had born
has born
was born

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5.Which of the following sentences is unacceptable/ungrammatical (i.e. not a good English sentence)?

Ali's failing his exam is surprising.
As Ali failed his exam is surprising.
It is surprising that Ali failed his exam.
That Ali failed his exams is surprising.

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6.In many Arab countries English is the only foreign language ___________ in primary and secondary schools.

has been taught
is taught
taught
which taught

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7.Kuwait International Airport ____________ approximay 16 kilometers south of the city of Kuwait.

has located
is located
is locating
locates

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8.Fifteen years ago, a snow skiing accident damaged my left knee. Over the years it got _____________.

bad
the worst
worse
worst

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9.Although he _____________ English for six years so far, he still makes all types of lexical and grammatical errors.

had studied
has studied
is studying
will be studying

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10.The Nakhl Fort in Oman is built on a mountain peak 200 feet high and dates back to the pre-Islamic era. It _____________ since then.

has been modified and restored
is modifying and restoring
modifies and restores
was modified and restored

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11.In his first policy statement after taking power, the prime minister pledged a range of ________ including an end to bans on labour and student unions.

liberal reform
liberal reforming
liberalizing reforms
liberty reforms

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12.Which of the following questions is well-formed/acceptable:

How long you have lived in this apartment?
How long you lived in this apartment?
How often do you speak English at home?
How often you visit your parents?

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13.Whether the future of English will be determined primarily by economic factors is an assumption _________ debating.

which is worth
which is worthy
which worths
worthy

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14.Not only _______________ to report the accident, but he also tried to destroy the relevant computer program.

did he fail
he did fail
he failed
he had failed

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15.This book ___________ an introduction, six chapters, a bibliography and three appendices.

consist
consisting of
consists
consists of

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16.Many forms of deafness respond to ___________ treatment, particularly to surgery.

medical
medicine
surgery
surgical

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17.The report shows that ______ cholera, which is a dreadful disease, is beginning to re-appear in some Asian countries.

a
some
the
X

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18.This problem ____________ if you had consulted with the project engineers.

will not arise
will not have arisen
would not arise
would not have arisen

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19.____________correctly, daily planning is an investment that will pay you back many times over the time invested.

Doing
Done
Having done
To be doing

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20.I think that he will accept the offer, ____________?

do I
don't I
will he
won't he

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21.Around a third of passengers ___________ motion sickness while flying. The condition occurs when visual contact with the outside horizon is lost.

experiencing
have to experience
may experience
must experience

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22.The Dead Sea is 400 metres below sea level, making it the lowest point of the Earth; ___________ you can expect some major ear popping as you drive down from Amman.

because
otherwise
so
while

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23.English _____________ as a vital driver of development and commerce both for individual personal fulfillment and international relations and businesses.

is seen
seen
sees
will see

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24.The fact that they have refused to sign the contract _______________ that they have changed their minds.

had indicated
indicate
indicated
indicates

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25.Bill speaks Arabic fluently and ___________ his wife.

does
either does
so did
so does

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26.He told me that he was looking forward _________ from you. He also expects you to get in touch with him at your earliest convenience.

hearing
to have heard
to hear
to hearing

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27.If your child ______________ a natural bent towards early reading and writing, encourage him but never push.

had
has
is having
will have

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28.The following warning must appear on all tobacco products: "Smoking is ___________ cause of lung cancer, and of lung and heart diseases."

main
the main
the mainly
the most main

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29.His new book ____________ was published last year deals with various aspects of international trade.

which
whom
whose
X

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30.The Nile pours into the Mediterranean and is ___________ river in the world.

longer
longest
the longer
the longest

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1.In the past two years, many banks failed.

cure
not passed a test
paid little interest
went out of business

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2.His paper contained several misspelled words.

extremely long
highly improper
incorrectly written
unacceptable

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3.I caught him red-handed trying to steal my wallet.

handy
hurriedly
in the act
with a red face

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4.All stars die after their nuclear fuel has been exhausted.

added
completed
drained
filled

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5.Do not beat about the bush - get to the point!

avoid what is important
avoid what is silly
speak frankly
speak slowly

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6.A rattlesnake bite can be deadly.

mortal
painful
severe
tiring

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المصدر: نفساني

7.It is ironic that those who called for no change were the first to change.

clear
erroneous
irrelevant
sarcastic

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8.The dominant topic of his lecture was ethical behavior.

controllable
domestic
least important
most important

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9.These appendices are extremely long.

additional sections
appendicitis
appendixes
questions

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10.Congress can counteract the President's veto.

debate
surpass
vote for
work against

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11.This dictionary incorporates encyclopedic material.

adds
gives
includes
introduces

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12.After five days of tough climbing, they reached the summit.

base
passage
peak
trail

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13.His failure has been ascribed to mismanagement.

attributed to
given to
refined to
valued more than

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14.They talk in an obscure jargon that is almost impossible to understand.

different
difficult
slow
unclear

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15.For a decade the volcano remained inactive.

a century
long time
one month
ten years

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16.He was asked to keep abreast of the new developments.

go in front
remain up to date
stay alert
stay back

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17.John is a very active man with varied pastimes.

hunting trips
leisure activities
past times
previous jobs

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18.The main function of hormones is to help the body cope with sudden surges of stress.

attack
avoid
cure
handle

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19.What we saw on that cruise was really spectacular.

boring
great
handsome
uneven

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20.This is a tripartite government.

divided into three
divided into two
partitioned
united

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1.Ralph Earl was born into a Connecticut farm family in 1751. He chose early to become a painter and looked for what training was available in his home state and in Boston. Earl was one of the first American artists to paint landscapes. Among his first paintings were scenes from the Revolutionary war battles of Lexington and Concord. In 1778 Earl went to London to study with Benjamin West for four years.

When Earl returned to the United States, he was jailed for fourteen months for outstanding debts. While still a prisoner, he painted portraits of some of New York City's most elegant society women and their husbands. After his release, he took up the trade of itinerant portrait painter, working his way through southern New England and New York. Earl didn't flatter his subjects, but his portraits show a deep understanding of them, perhaps because he had sprung from the same roots.

Among Earl's most famous paintings is his portrait of Justice Oliver Ellsworth and his wife, Abigail. To provide counterpoint to the severity of the couple, he accuray details the relative luxury of the Ellsworth's interior furnishings. The view through the window behind them shows sunlit fields, well-kept fences, and a bend of the Connecticut River. One of Earl's paintings is something of an anomaly. Reclining Hunter, which for many years was attributed to Thomas Gainsborough, shows a well-dressed gentleman resting beneath a tree. In the foreground, he displays a pile of birds, the result of a day's hunt. The viewer can also see a farmer's donkey lying in the background, another of the hunter's victims. This outrageously funny portrait couldn't have been commissioned—no one would have wanted to be portrayed in such an absurd way. However, this painting uncharacteristically shows Earl's wit as well as his uncommon technical skills.

1.What is the author's main purpose?
To compare the art of Ralph Earl and Thomas Gainsborough
To describe the art scene in New York in the late eighteenth century
To discuss the life and work of an American painter
To trace Ralph Earl's artistic influences
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2.Which of the following is NOT given in the passage as a subject of one of Earl's paintings?
Battle scenes
Fruit and flowers
Landscapes
People
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3.According to the passage, Benjamin West was Ralph Earl's
rival.
student.
subject.
teacher.
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4.Which of the following could be substituted for outstanding without changing the meaning of the sentence?
Excellent
Illegal
Shocking
Unpaid
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5.The word itinerant is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Innovative
Successful
Talented
Traveling
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6.The author uses the phrase sprung from the same roots to indicate that Ralph Earl and his subjects
had the same background
lived in the same town
were about the same age
were equally successful
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7.According to the passage, one of the distinguishing features for the portrait of Oliver and Abigail Ellsworth is the contrast between
the plainness of the figures and the luxury of the furnishings
the straight fences and the curving Connecticut River
the sunlit fields and the dark interior
the two styles used to paint the two figures
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8.Why does the author refer to Reclining Hunter as "something of an anomaly"?
It is quite humorous.
It is so severe.
It shows Earl's talent.
It was commissioned.
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9.The word he refers to
Ralph Earl
The farmer
The hunter
Thomas Gainsborough
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10.The author's attitude toward Ralph Earl is
Admiring
antagonistic
neutral
unflattering
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2.People are often surprised to learn just how long some varieties of trees can live. If asked to estimate the age of the oldest living tree on Earth, they often come up with guesses in the neighborhood of two or perhaps three hundred years. The real answer is considerably larger than that, more than five thousand years.
The tree that wins the prize for its considerable maturity is the bristlecone pine of California. This venerable pine predates wonders of the ancient world such as the pyramids of Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the Colossus of Rhodes. It is not nearly as tall as the giant redwood that is also found in California, and, in fact, it is actually not very tall compared with many other trees, often little more than five meters in height. This relatively short height may be one of the factors that aid the bristlecone pine in living to a ripe old age-high winds and inclement weather cannot easily reach the shorter trees and cause damage. An additional factor that contributes to the long life of the bristlecone pine is that this type of tree has a high percentage of resin, which prevents rot from developing in the tree trunk and branches.

1.The best title for this passage would be
An Amazingly Enduring Tree
The Size for the Bristlecone Pine
The Wonders of the Ancient World
Three-Hundred-Year-Old Forests
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2.The word estimate is closest in meaning to
approximate
evaluate
measure
view
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3.The expression in the neighborhood of could best be replaced by
located close to
of approximay
on the same block as
with the friendliness of
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4.It can be inferred from the passage that most people
are quite accurate in their estimates of the ages of trees
can name some three-hundred-year-old trees
do not really have any idea how old the oldest trees on Earth are
have two to three hundred trees in their neighborhoods
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5.According to the passage, approximay how old are the oldest trees on Earth?
Five hundred years old
Five thousand years old
Three hundred years old
Two hundred years old
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6.The word venerable is closest in meaning to which of the following?
ancient
incredible
towering
unrecognizable
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7.The author mentions the Egyptian pyramids as an example of something that is
believed to be strong
extremely tall
far away
known to be old
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8.Which of the following is true about the bristlecone pine?
It can be two to three hundred feet tall.
It is as tall as the great pyramids.
It is never more than five meters in height.
It is short in comparison to many other trees.
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9.The word inclement could best be replaced by
bad
strong
sunny
unusual
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10.The passage states that resin
assists the tree trunks to develop
flows from the branches to the tree trunk
helps stop rot from starting
is found only in the bristlecone pine
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3.Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had been largely religious and moral in tone, by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that was coming to life in the colonies began to be reflected in the literature of the time, which in turn served to further influence the population. Although not all writers of this period supported the Revolution, the two best-known and most influential writers, Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine, were both strongly supportive of that cause. Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his writings in his brother's newspaper, the New England Current. In these articles, he used a simple style of language and common sense argumentation to defend the point of view of the farmer and the Leather Apron man. He continued with the same common sense practicality and appeal to the common man with his work on Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until 1758. Firmly established in his popular acceptance by the people, Franklin wrote a variety of extremely effective articles and pamphlets about the colonists' revolutionary cause against England. Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine editor in Philadelphia at the time of the Revolution. His pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in 1776, was a force in encouraging the colonists to declare their independence from England. Then throughout the long and desperate war years he published a series of Crisis papers (from 1776 until 1783) to encourage the colonists to continue with the struggle. The effectiveness of his writing was probably due to his emotional yet oversimplified depiction of the cause of the colonists against England as a classic struggle of good and evil.

1.The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses
how literature influences the population
literature supporting the cause of the American Revolution
religious and moral literature
what made Thomas Paine's literature successful
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2.The word fervor is closest in meaning to
action
anxiety
spirit
war
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3.The word time could best be replaced by
appointment
duration
hour
period
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4.It is implied in the passage that
Authors who supported England did not remain in the colonies during the Revolution.
Because Thomas Paine was an Englishman, he supported England against the colonies
Franklin and Paine were the only writers to influence the Revolution
some writers in the American colonies supported England during the Revolution
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5.The pronoun he refers to
Ben Franklin
Ben Franklin's brother
Poor Richard
Thomas Paine
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6.The expression point of view could best be replaced by
Circumstance
Perspective
Sight
Trait
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7.According to the passage, the tone of Poor Richard's Almanac is
erudite
Pragmatic
scholarly
theoretical
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8.The word desperate could best be replaced by
combative
hopeless
strategic
unending
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9.Where in the passage does the author describe Thomas Paine's style of writing?
Not mentioned
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
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10.The purpose of the passage is to
describe the literary influence during revolutionary America.
discuss American literature in the first half of the eighteenth century
explain which authors supported the Revolution
give biographical data on two American writers
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4.Cooperation is the most common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task to reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.

In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual's life. The rewards of the group's work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.

While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separay enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.

In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.

1.What is the author's main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage?
To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflict
To offer a brief definition of cooperation
To show the importance of group organization and attitudes
To urge readers to cooperate more often
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2.The word cherished is closest in meaning to
agreed on
defined
prized
set up
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3.The word fuse is closest in meaning to
evolve
explore
react
unite
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4.Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?
It is an ideal that can never be achieved.
It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills.
It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate.
It was confined to prehistoric times.
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5.According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?
to associate with people who have similar backgrounds
to defeat a common enemy
to experience the satisfaction of cooperation
to get rewards for themselves
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6.Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in the fourth paragraph?
A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company.
Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow.
Students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.
Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.
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7.Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?
Accommodation
Antagonistic cooperation
Latent conflict
Tertiary cooperation
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8.The word fragile in line 19 is closest in meaning to
easily broken
inefficient
involuntary
poorly planned
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9.As used throughout the passage, the term common is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Ordinary
Popular
Shared
Vulgar
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10.Which of the following best describes the overall organization of the passage?
The author compares and contrasts two types of human relations.
The author describes a concept by analyzing its three forms.
The author presents the points of view of three experts on the same topic.
The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion.
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